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In Module 4, students will deepen their understanding of how law operates at different levels of governance and within courtroom procedures. The first activity introduces the distinction between criminal law and municipal ordinances, prompting students to analyze how local regulations can create confusion or conflict when overlapping with state or federal statutes. This exploration encourages reflection on the value of local control versus the need for legal consistency. Building upon this foundation, the module turns to the process of plea bargaining—a key feature of the American justice system. Students will weigh its advantages and disadvantages, evaluating whether it ensures fairness or compromises the integrity of due process in exchange for efficiency. The final assignment allows students to apply their legal knowledge by identifying and explaining eight of the ten common defenses recognized in the U.S. judicial system. Through real or hypothetical examples, learners will demonstrate how these defenses shape outcomes and influence the pursuit of justice. By the end of this module, students will have a clearer view of how legal structures, negotiation, and defense strategies collectively define fairness and accountability within the criminal justice system.

• Complete assigned readings or instructional materials.
• Participate in discussions or applied learning activities.
• Complete written, practical, creative, or problem-based assignments.
• Review instructor feedback and module expectations.
• Review all materials carefully before beginning assignments.
• Follow assignment instructions and grading rubrics closely.
• Proofread all submissions before posting or uploading.
• Ask questions early if anything is unclear.